{"id":1126,"date":"2017-07-19T18:56:02","date_gmt":"2017-07-19T09:56:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/?page_id=1126"},"modified":"2017-10-29T21:09:48","modified_gmt":"2017-10-29T12:09:48","slug":"ph_application","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/en\/welcome\/lensless\/phphoto-l\/ph_application\/","title":{"rendered":"Application of the pinhole photography"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"bogo-language-switcher list-view\"><li class=\"en-US en current first\"><span class=\"bogoflags bogoflags-us\"><\/span> <span class=\"bogo-language-name\"><a rel=\"alternate\" hreflang=\"en-US\" href=\"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1126\/\" title=\"English\" class=\"current\" aria-current=\"page\">English<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"ja last\"><span class=\"bogoflags bogoflags-jp\"><\/span> <span class=\"bogo-language-name\"><a rel=\"alternate\" hreflang=\"ja\" href=\"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1126\/\" title=\"Japanese\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Though the pinhole phenomenon is applied in various fields, in this page we restrict ourselves to the astronomical applications of the pinhole phenomenon in the Renaissance and present day.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Astronomical Applications of Pinhole Camera in Renaissance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It is pointed out that pinhole cameras played important roles for the astronomical observation during the ages of <strong>Nicolaus Copernicus<\/strong> (1473.2.19 &#8211; 1543.5.24), <strong>Tycho Brahe<\/strong> (1546.12.14 &#8211; 1601.10.24), and<strong> Johannes Kepler<\/strong> (1571.12.27 &#8211; 1630.11.15), who were the key figures on the path to establishment of the principle of Newton\u2019s dynamics, i,e., the starting point of the modern physics.\u00a0 As well-known <strong>Isaac Newton<\/strong> (1642.12.25 &#8211; 1727.3.20) discovered the principle, for which the Kepler\u2019s law on the motion of the planets offered the most important information.\u00a0 And the Kepler\u2019s law is derived on the basis of the observation data by Tycho Brahe, of whom Kepler was an assistant.\u00a0 Tycho Brahe, a Danish nobleman, is known to start his career as an astronomer when <em>he observed a solar eclipse by a pinhole camera<\/em>.\u00a0 In many books or other sources on the history of the pinhole camera we often find a picture \u201cobservation of solar eclipse (1544.1.24) by a pinhole camera \u201d(published as an illustration of De Radio Astronomica Et Geometrico, 1545) by <strong>Reinerus Gemma Frisius<\/strong> (1508.12.5 &#8211; 1555.5.25) and it is considered that Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler learned the technique of the pinhole camera from the book of Frisius.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, as was described previously, Kepler and Maurolico were the first in the western countries who solved the Aristotle\u2019s problem on the pinhole phenomenon.\u00a0 In these ages the pinhole camera played a certain role in the observation of the sun if nothing else.\u00a0\u00a0 Maurolico as well as Kepler didn\u2019t solve the Aristotle\u2019s problem purposefully to solve the problem.\u00a0 It was necessary for Maurolico and Kepler to solve the Aristotle\u2019s problem on their ways to study the perspectivism and to measure the diameters of the sun and the moon by a pinhole, respectively.\u00a0 There are a lot of research papers on the measurement of the solar or the lunar diameters by a pinhole during Rennaisance, i.g., a paper by C. Sigismondi.<\/p>\n<p>By the way it is not clear whether Copernicus was using the pinhole camera or not and it seems still a matter of argument in the field of the science history.\u00a0 In 1900 Ludwik Antoni Birkenmajer drew an assumption that Copernicus was using the pinhole camera, and in 2006 Jaros\u0142aw W\u0142odarczyk, a Polish scientist as Copernicus, had a rethink over this problem and concluded that there is a possibility that Copernicus was using the pinhole camera.<\/p>\n<p>By the way \u201c<strong>Camera Obscura<\/strong>\u201d is considered to be named by Kepler.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-548 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/PH_401_frisius_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/PH_401_frisius_01.jpg 450w, https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/PH_401_frisius_01-300x157.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/>Observation of solar eclipse by a pinhole camera by Gemma Frisius<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Astronomical Applications of Today<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In a book \u201c<strong>Unusual Telescope<\/strong>\u201d by <strong>Peter L. Manly<\/strong> there is a chapter \u201cPinhole Telescope\u201d, where a zone plate telescope and observation of the sun by a pinhole camera are described briefly.\u00a0 A pinhole camera is useful for observations of the sun, especially for observations of solar eclipse and sunspots, and there are many real life examples.\u00a0 As it is dangerous to see the sun directly through dark glasses or black film it is recommended for an amateur to see the sun at a solar eclipse by using a \u201c<strong>camera obscura with a pinhole lens<\/strong>\u201d.\u00a0 In a journal \u201c<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.skyandtelescope.com\/\">Sky &amp; Telescope<\/a><\/strong>\u201d, for example, a lot of articles on observation of the sun by using a pinhole camera are found.<\/p>\n<p>Though in the above book, \u201cUnusual Telescope\u201d, it is brought on that observation of the sun by a pinhole telescope was carried out in 1980s, in a Japanese book \u201c<strong>Observation of Sunspots (in Japanese)<\/strong>\u201d published in 1969 by <strong>Ichiro Shimizu et al.<\/strong>, there are already described a method how to make a pinhole telescope and a zone plate telescope and the photographs of sunspots taken by the pinhole telescope and the zone plate telescope.\u00a0 The zone plate photograph of the sunspots is sharper and clearer than the pinhole photograph because of the reason described at the page of the zone plate photography.\u00a0 On internet there are several sites which describe the pinhole application on astronomical applications such as a site by <strong>Masami Nakajima<\/strong> where photographs of sunspots taken by <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pinhole.web.infoseek.co.jp\/Camera\/sun\/sunspot\/sunspot.html\">pinhole telescopes (focal length: 1700 mm and 4000 mm)<\/a><\/strong> are shown.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph_style_4\">\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Though the pinhole phenomenon is applied in various fields, in this page we restrict ourselves to the astronomical applications of the pinhole phenomenon in the Renaissance and present day. Astronomical Applications of Pinhole Camera in Renaissance It is pointed out that pinhole cameras played important roles for the astronomical observation during the ages of Nicolaus &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/en\/welcome\/lensless\/phphoto-l\/ph_application\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Application of the pinhole photography<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":892,"menu_order":132,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_locale":"en_US","_original_post":"532","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1126","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","en-US"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1126"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1127,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1126\/revisions\/1127"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}