Mozi Text<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nAs described previously 53 pages of Mozi are now existing and among them 4 pages, i.e., Mo-Ching 1 & 2 ( “\u7d4c\u4e0a” and “\u7d4c\u4e0b”, which mean Canon 1 & 2) and Mo-Ching-Shuo 1 & 2 ( “\u7d4c\u8aac\u4e0a” and “\u7d4c\u8aac\u4e0b”, which mean Exposition of Canon 1 & 2)\u00a0 are devoted to descriptions of “scientific problems,” i.e., Logics, Dynamics, Optics, and so on.\u00a0 Electronic version of Mozi is found in web sites of Chinese Text Project<\/a><\/strong>.\u00a0 Each item of the Mozi text in the \u201dChinese Text Project\u201c is numbered conveniently.\u00a0 The following four items are descriptions related to the pinhole phenomenon. \u00a0As reading sentences of Mozi itself is the subject of research it is meaningless to show an English translation of the Mozi as original data. \u00a0I set out the vertically written original sentences and the same sentences which are horizontally written with punctuation marks.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/MOZI_sho.jpg\")
Original text of Mozi vertically written by kanji<\/strong><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Kei49-120_Hor.jpg\")
<\/strong><\/p>\nText of Mozi horizontally written by kanji with punctuation marks<\/strong><\/p>\nTranslation of Mozi<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\nAs there are differences among different Chinese \u201coriginal\u201d texts and different translation versions, and even the translation versions are rather difficult to understand, I tried retranslate these items by taking into account of the existing translation versions in the following.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(49)<\/span>\u00a0 Canon 1<\/strong>
<\/strong>At accumulation point (or wall, or closed space)\u00a0change (meaning \u201cinversion\u201d) occurs.
(49\u2019) Exposition of Canon 1<\/strong>
The accumulation point is a (circular)\u00a0vacant hole\u00a0 similar to those of a constant shape (meaning\u00a0\u201cthe sun or the moon\u201d).
(120)<\/span> Canon 2
<\/strong>The cause of inversion is that there is a small hole\u00a0at the intersecting point of lights and the hole projects\u00a0long image (on a wall). The cause is found in the hole.
(120\u2019) Exposition of Canon 2<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
The image.\u00a0 When a light shines a man\u00a0it goes straight as an arrow shoots the\u00a0man.\u00a0 When a light at\u00a0low position shines a man it goes upward and when light at\u00a0high position shines a man it goes downward.\u00a0 As legs block\u00a0the light at low position, an image of the legs is projected\u00a0on upper side of a wall, and as a head blocks a light at high\u00a0position, an image of the head is projected on lower side of\u00a0the wall. With increasing or decreasing distance of the object\u00a0from the small hole (the size of) the image of the object\u00a0changes inside of the small hole (closed space).<\/p>\nIn spite of the differences in the \u201coriginal\u201d texts and translation versions it is obviously described in Mozi that light rays interchange at the point of the pinhole and inverted image is projected.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mozi Text As described previously 53 pages of Mozi are now existing and among them 4 pages, i.e., Mo-Ching 1 & 2 ( “\u7d4c\u4e0a” and “\u7d4c\u4e0b”, which mean Canon 1 & 2) and Mo-Ching-Shuo 1 & 2 ( “\u7d4c\u8aac\u4e0a” and “\u7d4c\u8aac\u4e0b”, which mean Exposition of Canon 1 & 2)\u00a0 are devoted to descriptions of “scientific … Continue reading Appendix_2: Mozi (Mo Ti)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":892,"menu_order":137,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_locale":"en_US","_original_post":"667","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1232","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","en-US"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1232"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1481,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1232\/revisions\/1481"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Text of Mozi horizontally written by kanji with punctuation marks<\/strong><\/p>\n As there are differences among different Chinese \u201coriginal\u201d texts and different translation versions, and even the translation versions are rather difficult to understand, I tried retranslate these items by taking into account of the existing translation versions in the following.<\/p>\n \u00a0(49)<\/span>\u00a0 Canon 1<\/strong> In spite of the differences in the \u201coriginal\u201d texts and translation versions it is obviously described in Mozi that light rays interchange at the point of the pinhole and inverted image is projected.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mozi Text As described previously 53 pages of Mozi are now existing and among them 4 pages, i.e., Mo-Ching 1 & 2 ( “\u7d4c\u4e0a” and “\u7d4c\u4e0b”, which mean Canon 1 & 2) and Mo-Ching-Shuo 1 & 2 ( “\u7d4c\u8aac\u4e0a” and “\u7d4c\u8aac\u4e0b”, which mean Exposition of Canon 1 & 2)\u00a0 are devoted to descriptions of “scientific … Continue reading Appendix_2: Mozi (Mo Ti)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":892,"menu_order":137,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_locale":"en_US","_original_post":"667","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1232","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","en-US"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1232"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1481,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1232\/revisions\/1481"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atelier.bonryu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Original text of Mozi vertically written by kanji<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/strong><\/p>\nTranslation of Mozi<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/strong>At accumulation point (or wall, or closed space)\u00a0change (meaning \u201cinversion\u201d) occurs.
(49\u2019) Exposition of Canon 1<\/strong>
The accumulation point is a (circular)\u00a0vacant hole\u00a0 similar to those of a constant shape (meaning\u00a0\u201cthe sun or the moon\u201d).
(120)<\/span> Canon 2
<\/strong>The cause of inversion is that there is a small hole\u00a0at the intersecting point of lights and the hole projects\u00a0long image (on a wall). The cause is found in the hole.
(120\u2019) Exposition of Canon 2<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0
The image.\u00a0 When a light shines a man\u00a0it goes straight as an arrow shoots the\u00a0man.\u00a0 When a light at\u00a0low position shines a man it goes upward and when light at\u00a0high position shines a man it goes downward.\u00a0 As legs block\u00a0the light at low position, an image of the legs is projected\u00a0on upper side of a wall, and as a head blocks a light at high\u00a0position, an image of the head is projected on lower side of\u00a0the wall. With increasing or decreasing distance of the object\u00a0from the small hole (the size of) the image of the object\u00a0changes inside of the small hole (closed space).<\/p>\n